The enzyme is sometimes referred to as the ‘lock’ and the initial reactant substrate molecule as the ‘key’, hence this is called the ’lock and key’ mechanism. The enzyme is a complex protein molecule, but there is a particular site where the reactant molecule ‘docks in’ by random collision. This situation is called the Lock and Key Model. Some substrates fit nicely into the active site. TYPES OF ENZYME ACTIONĪs stated previously, the substrate must fit into the enzyme at the active site. Amylase converts starch into maltose.Īn example of an anabolic enzyme is DNA polymerase. The same enzyme can be used to form smaller molecules from a larger molecule or to do the opposite.Īn example of a catabolic enzyme is amylase. The enzyme is then free to join another substrate.Įnzymes can be either anabolic or catabolic. The substrate becomes changed by the enzyme’s action and is then releases as the product. When the substrate joins with the enzyme the entire structure is called the enzyme-substrate complex. Collisions happen because of the rapid random movement of molecules. During the collision the substrate slots into the active site of the enzyme. The place where the substance fits into the enzyme is called the active site and the substance that fits into the active site is called the substrate.Įnzyme action occurs when the enzyme and substrate collide. The enzyme’s shape enables it to receive only one type of molecule that molecule that will fit into it’s shape. ENZYME ACTIONĮnzymes are folded in GLOBULAR SHAPES. Photosynthesis and muscle growth from amino acids are examples of anabolic reactions. These reactions build larger, more complex, molecules from smaller ones. The other types of reactions are called anabolic reactions. As you remember, reactions that break down substances and release energy are called catabolic reactions. ![]() Sulphur (S) may also be present.Īs we saw in the nutrition and food webpage the function of proteins is determined by their amino acid composition as well as their shape.Įnzymes control cellular reactions. Proteins that function as biological catalysts are called enzymes. The catalyst itself is not used up as a result of its actions. A catalyst is a substance that speeds up a chemical (metabolic) reaction.
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